Research Article |
Corresponding author: Azman bin Abdul Rahim ( abarahim@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Kay Van Damme
© 2021 Ja’afar Nurshazwan, Shozo Sawamoto, Azman bin Abdul Rahim.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Nurshazwan J, Sawamoto S, Rahim AA (2021) Idiomysis bumbumiensis sp. nov., a new mysid species (Mysida, Mysidae, Anisomysini) from Southeast Asia. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 345-354. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.68486
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We provide a detailed description, including illustrations, of a new species of mysid belonging to the genus Idiomysis W. M. Tattersall, 1922 from Pulau Bum Bum, Sabah, Malaysia. The presence of two segments of antennal scale, a shorter endopod of uropod than the exopod and a pair of minute spines at the apex of the telson distinguishes Idiomysis bumbumiensis sp. nov. from all other species in the genus. The present species is the seventh member of the genus Idiomysis and it is the first described in Southeast Asia. It is also the third species of tribe Anisomysini discovered in Malaysian waters. We include an updated dichotomous key of all Idiomysis species.
Pulau Bum Bum, Idiomysis, Malaysia, new species, Sabah
Mysids are considered as one of the most abundant and widely distributed crustaceans in the world, are known to inhabit all aquatic areas, but they are predominantly found in marine environments (
Pulau Bum Bum is situated in the Semporna District of southeast Sabah, an East Malaysian State. It is a constituent of the Sulu Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion (SSME) and Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI), making it one of the richest marine biodiversity territories in the world (
The specimens were collected using SCUBA diving equipment on a silty substrate near a large coral ledge of ND Divers House Reef, Pulau Bum Bum in Semporna, Sabah of East Malaysia (Fig.
Holotype, adult male (BL. 2.3 mm,
Antennal scale 2-segmented, with short apical segment, scale without any spine; rostrum subtriangular with broad rounded apex; thoracic exopod 1–8 with 7–9 segments; thoracic endopod 1–2 robust, thoracic endopod 3–8 elongate; all pleopods longer than wide; fourth male pleopod with distinct exopod and endopod not separated by sutures at the base, exopod terminally with 1 large barbed seta (armed with a few setules); endopod of uropod shorter than exopod; telson with a pair of minute spines on terminal margin; telson length ratio to sixth abdominal somite is 0.8.
A pale-white and brownish body part (Fig.
Antennule peduncle (Fig.
Idiomysis bumbumiensis sp. nov., holotype (BL. 2.3 mm,
Mandible (Fig.
A round basal plate of thoracic exopod at both distal corners with 7–9 segments with the last 3–4 segments bearing 1–2 plumose setae; robust thoracopods 1–2, slender and elongated thoracopods 3–8; carpopropodus of thoracic endopod 1–8 with 2, 2, 2, 1–2, 3, 1–2, 1, 1 segments, but some segmental borders are not well distinct in thoracopods 3–8; smaller dactylus of thoracopods 3–8 than thoracopods 1–2; nail of thoracopods 3–8 is more slender compared to thoracopods 1–2. The first thoracopod epipod (Fig.
Third thoracic exopod (Fig.
Pleopods 1, 2, 3 and 5 (Fig.
Uropod (Figs
Similar to male, except for the following differences: stouter and bulkier body (Fig.
The specific epithet refers to the type locality; Pulau Bum Bum, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia.
(based on
The present species is the seventh member of the genus Idiomysis, but it is the first species of this genus to be described in Southeast Asia. It is also the third species of the tribe Anisomysini found in Malaysian waters besides Anisomysis (Anisomysis) aikawai Ii, 1964 and A. (Paranisomysis) ohtsukai Murano, 1994 (
1 | Not segmented antennal scale | 2 |
– | Antennal scale with two segments | 5 |
2 | Broadly rounded rostrum | 3 |
– | Triangular or subtriangular rostrum | 4 |
3 | Not segmented antennal scale, with spine | I. robusta |
– | Not segmented antennal scale, without spine | I. inermis |
4 | Endopodal uropod is subequal to exopod | I. mozambica |
– | Endopodal uropod is clearly shorter than exopod | I. tsurnamali |
5 | Bluntly rounded telson apex | I. japonica |
– | Telson apex with a pair of minute spines | 6 |
6 | Endopodal uropod clearly extends beyond exopod | I. diadema |
– | Endopodal uropod is shorter than exopod | I. bumbumiensis sp. nov. |
Idiomysis bumbumiensis sp. nov. is the sole representative of this genus in Southeast Asian waters. Idiomysis bumbumiensis sp. nov. was relatively abundant and easily found in the shallow water of lower than 15 m during night-sampling sessions (28 November 2018 and 29 November 2018). As they were directly collected using SCUBA diving equipment, supplementary information on their natural habitat and body colour is available. The recently described Cerapus bumbumiensis Nurshazwan, Ahmad-Zaki & Azman, 2020 was also observed in the accompanying fauna. Although one species of Idiomysis was categorically described in this paper, fellow macro-photographers discovered further evidence of at least two other distinctive species of Idiomysis in the vicinity.
Idiomysis lives either in a symbiotic relationship (Idiomysis diadema, I. inermis and I. tsurnamali) or free-living (I. japonica, I. mozambica and I. robusta). Idiomysis bumbumiensis is a free-living mysid that was found swimming in a swarm on the silty substrate. By comparing the body lengths of all the species of the genus Idiomysis, this new species is one of the smallest species, besides I. diadema. Another feature that distinguishes species within the genus Idiomysis is the length ratio between the telson and the last abdominal somite. As this feature has not been described for the six known species, the ratios are calculated, based on the original-drawn figures describing each species. The ratio is mostly 0.8–1.0, except for I. mozambicus, which has a ratio of 0.4. The ratio of the present species is 0.8. Thus, the telson of most Idiomysis species is estimated to be more than 4/5 times as long as the last abdominal somite, while I. mozambicus is 2/5 times as long as the last somite. As shown in Table
Morphological variation of seven species of the genus Idiomysis, including the new species.
Characters | I. diadema Wittmann, 2016 | I. inermis W. M. Tattersall, 1922 | I. japonica Murano, 1978 | I. mozambica Deprez, Wooldridge & Mees, 2001 | I. robusta Connell, 2008 | I. tsurnamali Băcescu, 1973 | I. bumbumiensis sp. nov. (Present study) |
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Body length | Male: 2.2–2.3 | Male: 3.4–4.4 | Male: 3.3 | Male: 2.9–3.9 | Male: 4.9–6.0 | Male: 4.2–4.5 | Male: 2.0–2.3 |
Female: 2.2–3.3 | Female: 4.0–5.0 | Female: 3.7–3.9 | Female: 2.6–2.9 | Female: 4.8–5.4 | Female: 4.2–4.5 | Female: 2.2–3.2 | |
Rostrum | Broadly rounded | Broadly rounded | Subtriangular (bluntly pointed) | Subtriangular (bluntly pointed) | Broadly rounded | Triangular (pointed) | Subtriangular (bluntly pointed) |
Antennal scale | Two segments (no spine) | Entire (no spine) | Two segments (no spine) | Entire (no spine) | Entire (spine) | Entire (no spine) | Two segments (no spine) |
Segments of thoracic exopod 1–8 | 6–8 | 7–10 | 7–8 | 7–9 | 7–8 | 5–8 | 7–9 |
Male pleopod 4 exopod | Single segment | Single segment | Single segment | Two segments | Single segment | Single segment | Single segment |
Endopodal uropod | Clearly extend beyond exopod | Subequal to exopod | Subequal to exopod | Subequal to exopod | Shorter than exopod | Clearly shorter than exopod | Shorter than exopod |
Telson apex | A pair of minute spines | Bluntly rounded | Bluntly rounded | Bluntly rounded | Bluntly rounded | Bluntly rounded | A pair of minute spines |
Length ratio of fifth to sixth abdominal somite | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Length ratio of telson to last abdominal somite | 1.0 | 0.8–0.9 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Distribution | Coast of Sinai at Dahab, Red Sea | Kilakarai, Gulf of Manaar & Moreton Bay, Australia | Nagasaki, Japan | Nacala Bay, Mozambique | Park Rynie, East Coast of South Africa | Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea | Pulau Bum Bum, East Malaysia |
Occurrence | Swarms between spines of sea urchin | Amongst weeds, sea anemone | Near rocky bottom | Near uneven rock and patches of sand | Near sandy substrate, amongst rocks and low-profile reef | Hovering over medusa or sea anemone | Near coral ledge; silty substrate |
Depth range | 1–8 m | 1–4 m | 1–5 m | 4 m | 2–38 m | 1–20 m | 10–11 m |
The authors are grateful to Mr A.Z. Abu-Bakar and A.O. Dendy for their assistance with field sampling. A special thank you to ND Divers for providing accommodation and Mr Lai Wei Zhong (Ocean Park Travel & Tour) for his invaluable assistance and logistics throughout the sampling process. Many thanks also go to the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (MOTAC) Sabah for organising the exploration under Voluntourism Bum-Bum Island Exploration Program in conjunction with Visit Malaysia Year 2020. We gratefully acknowledge Dr Luiz Felipe de Andrade, Dr Rofiza Yolanda, Dr Kay Van Damme and an anonymous reviewer for their thorough and constructive reviews on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education (Malaysia) under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2019/WAB13/ UKM/02/3).