Three new species of the Macrophya maculitibia group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) with a key to known species from China

Zejian Li; Mengmeng Liu; Meicai Wei

doi:10.3897/zse.95.28804

Research Article

Three new species of the Macrophya maculitibia group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) with a key to known species from China

Zejian Li^‡, Mengmeng Liu^‡§, Meicai Wei^§|

‡ Lishui Academy of Forestry, Lishui, China

§ Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China

| Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China

Corresponding author: Zejian Li ( lizejian2006@163.com )

Corresponding author: Meicai Wei ( weimc@126.com )

Academic editor: Michael Ohl

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Li Z, Liu M, Wei M (2019) Three new species of the Macrophya maculitibia group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) with a key to known species from China. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95(1): 37-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.28804

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:84757B68-072B-4F05-96C3-1CD8D0AE157C

Abstract

The Macrophya maculitibia group is proposed and defined. Five species are reported from China, among them three new species, Macrophya longifossa sp. n., M. motuoa sp. n., and M. yunnana sp. n., and two known species, M. maculitibia Takeuchi, 1933, and M. jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005. A key to the Chinese species of the M. maculitibia group is provided.

Key Words

Hymenoptera , Macrophya maculitibia group, sawfly, taxonomy, Tenthredinidae

Introduction

Macrophya Dahlbom, 1835, the third largest genus in the subfamily Tenthredininae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) contains 301 species worldwide (Li et al. 2018a, b, c, d, 2019; Liu et al. 2018, 2019; Xie et al. 2018). In China, 162 Macrophya species have been recorded (Li et al. 2018a, b, c, d, 2019; Liu et al. 2018, 2019; Xie et al. 2018).

In the Macrophya maculitibia group, two species, M. maculitibia Takeuchi, 1933 from Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces, and M. jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005 from Sichuan Province, have been reported in China. In the present paper, three new species of the Macrophya maculitibia group are described and illustrated from China: M. longifossa sp. n., M. yunnana sp. n., and M. motuoa sp. n. All Chinese species are with similar general morphology and external genitalia characteristics, forming a peculiar species group of Macrophya. Previously, we have found the characteristics of this group, but it has not been proposed. From its geographical distribution in China, we think that additional new species remain to be discovered, though we do not expect the number of species to increase significantly, as the M. maculitibia group is relatively small. According to the available data, species in this group are mainly distributed in the southwest, northwest, and northeast of China, while M. maculitibia Takeuchi, 1933 is also found in Siberia, Korea, and Japan. Therefore, the Macrophya maculitibia species group is here proposed and defined, and three new species from China are described. Its description is a necessary part of a broader effort to review all Macrophya species in China. A key to the five species in this group found in China is provided.

Materials and methods

The specimens were examined with a Motic-SMZ-171 stereomicroscope. Adult images were taken with a Nikon D700 digital camera and focus-stacked using Helicon Focus (HeliconSoft, Kharkiv, Ukraine). All images were further processed with Adobe Photoshop CS 11.0.

Morphological descriptions of these new species are based on the holotype. The terminology of genitalia follows Ross (1945) and the general morphology follows Viitasaari (2002), although for a few terms (e.g., middle fovea and lateral fovea) we follow Takeuchi (1952).

The specimens examined in this study, including the holotype and paratypes of three new species, are deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China (CSCS).

Abbreviations:

OCL The distance between the lateral ocellus and the occipital carina, or the hind margin of the head where this carina would be if it were developed (Benson 1954).

OOL The distance between the eye and the lateral ocellus.

POL The distance between the mesal margins of the 2 lateral ocelli.

Results

Macrophya maculitibia group

Remarks

Body black without metallic luster; posterior margin of metepimeron with a distinct appendage, appendage strongly elongated and polished, without long hairs; antennae and all trochanters black entirely; lancet narrow and long, with 20–21 serrulae, serrulae somewhat oblique, almost linear, middle serrulae each with 2 proximal and 12 or so distal teeth, subbasal teeth somewhat small and clear. This species group is a small lineage of Macrphya and is very close to the Macrophya imitator group but can be distinguished from the latter by having the posterior margin of metepimeron straight or slightly concave and the metepimeral appendage differentiated, but not elongated, at least partly punctured and evenly pilose, and without basin.

Description

Body slender; black, always with a few white maculae on mandibles and subbasal part on dorsal side of hind tibia; sometimes with a few white maculae on anterior of fore femur and anterior largely of fore tibia; stigma and veins black; usually apical 1/3 of below stigma with smoky macula; clypeus slightly broader than the shortest distance between lower inner orbits; lateral margins convergent forwards, anterior margin shallowly incised to approximately 1/5–1/4 length of clypeus, apex of lateral lobe obtuse; malar space narrower than diameter of an ocellus; postocellar area broader than long; antenna slender, antennomere III clearly longer than antennomere IV, as long as antennomeres IV–V together; mesoscutellum rounded and elevated; mesoscutellar appendage with a high and acute middle carina; posttergite with a low and short middle carina; dorsal margin of mesepimeron with a distinct platform, as broad as diameter of an ocellus; posterior margin of metepimeron with a distinct appendage, appendage strongly elongated and polished, without long hairs and basin; anal cell of fore wing shortly constricted at approximately basal 1/4, with a long spot-like vein; anal cell of hind wing petiolate; inner spur of hind leg slightly longer than 1/2 length of metabasitarsus, metabasitarsus always slender, slightly longer than following four tarsomeres together; claw with inner tooth slightly shorter than outer tooth; dorsal side of head densely punctured; mesoscutellum densely or somewhat densely punctured; abdominal terga without reticulate microsculpture; penis valve longer than broad, harp narrow towards apex, ergot short.

So far, the M. imitator group is the second largest group in Macrophya, with 17 species, which are all present in China: M. bui Wei & Li, 2012, M. changbaina Li, Liu & Heng, 2015, M. circulotibialis Li, Liu & Heng, 2015, M. curvatisaeta Wei & Li, 2010, M. curvatitheca Li, Liu & Heng, 2015, M. flactoserrula Chen & Wei, 2002, M. funiushana Wei, 1998, M. imitatoides Wei, 2007, M. imitator Takeuchi, 1937, M. jiaozhaoae Wei & Zhao, 2010, M. kangdingensis Wei & Li, 2012, M. nigromaculata Wei & Li, 2010, M. omeialpina Li, Jiang & Wei, 2018, M. parimitator Wei, 1998, M. postscutellaris Malaise, 1945, M. semipunctata Li, Liu & Wei, 2018, and M. weni Wei, 1998 (Li et al. 2018d). Among them, M. imitator Takeuchi is also distributed in Japan, Korea, and East Siberia (Takeuchi 1937), and M. postscutellaris Malaise is also distributed in Myanmar (Malaise 1945). This two species groups are easily to be distinguished by the key to species groups worldwide by Li et al. (Li et al. 2018d).

The M. maculitibia species group includes two known species and three new species described here. They can be separated by the following key.

Key to the Chinese species of the Macrophya maculitibia group

1	Basal 2/3 of fore wing hyaline, apical 1/3 of below stigma with smoky macula (Figs 1, 2, 21, 37)	2
–	Fore wing hyaline, without smoky macula (Figs 13, 29)	4
2	Metepimeronal appendage somewhat narrow and long, very shiny and smooth, without punctures or long hairs (Fig. 25); mesoscutellum higher than top of mesonotum. China (Jilin, Liaoning), Siberia, Japan, North Korea	M. maculitibia Takeuchi, 1933
–	Metepimeronal appendage usually broad and shallow, less shiny, with somewhat dense fine punctures and long hairs; mesoscutellum as high as top of mesonotum	3
3	Postocellar area 1.9× broader than long (Fig. 38); metepimeronal appendage 3× as long and twice as broad as the diameter of median ocellus (Fig. 41); apical margin of ovipositor sheath slightly roundish and acute in lateral view; middle serrulae of lancet in female each with two proximal and 6–11 distal teeth (Fig. 44). China (Yunnan)	M. yunnana sp. n.
–	Postocellar area 2.3 × broader than long (Fig. 3); metepimeronal appendage larger, 4× as long and 3× as broad as the diameter of median ocellus (Fig. 6); apical margin of ovipositor sheath rounded and somewhat obtuse in lateral view; middle serrulae of lancet in female each with two proximal and 10–13 distal teeth (Fig. 9). China (Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Hubei, Sichuan)	M. jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005
4	Metepimeronal appendage broad and large, apical margin rounded, longer than broad (Fig. 16); malar space 0.5× diameter of median ocellus (Fig. 15); subapical antennomeres dilated, somewhat broader than pedicel (Fig. 17); anterior 2/5 of katepimeron smooth and shiny (Fig. 16); mesoscutellum without peak and carina, as high as top of mesonotum. China (Ningxia, Shaanxi)	M. longifossa sp. n.
–	Metepimeronal appendage somewhat narrow and small, nearly triangular, apical margin somewhat rounded, as long as broad (Fig. 33); malar space 0.8× diameter of median ocellus (Fig. 31); subapical antennomeres slightly dilated, slender than pedicel (Fig. 32); anterior margin of katepimeron narrow and smooth (Fig. 33); posterior of mesoscutellum with a peak, middle carina and lateral carina just visible, higher than top of mesonotum. China (Tibet)	M. motuoa sp. n.

Macrophya jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005

Figures 1–12

Macrophya jiuzhaina Chen and Wei 2005: 86.

Material examined

China: Gansu Province: 7♀, Mt Taizishan, Diaoqi Forest Farm, Linxia City, 35°14.202'N, 103°25.314'E, 2500 m, 10.vii.2010, leg. Zejian Li & Xiaohua Wang; Shaanxi Province: 3♀, CSCS14075, Mt taibaishan, Kaitianguan, Mei County, 34°00.572'N, 107°51.477'E, 1852 m, 05.vi.2014, leg. Mengmeng Liu & Ting Liu, Ethylacetate; Shaanxi Province: 1♀, CSCS14134, Foping County, Sanguanmiao, 33°39.000'N, 107°48.000'E, 1529 m, 20.vi.2014, leg. Liwei Qi & Weinan Kang, Ethylacetate; Shaanxi Province: 2♀, CSCS14080, Mei County, Mt Taibaishan, Kaitianguan, 34°00.572'N, 107°51.477'E, 1852 m, 20.vi.2014, leg. Mengmeng Liu & Ting Liu, Ethylacetate; Shaanxi Province: 1♀, CSCS14104, Taibai County, Mt Qingfengxia, diertingchechang, 34°0.713'N, 107°26.167'E, 1792 m, 11.vi.2014, leg. Meicai Wei, KCN; Shaanxi Province: 1♀, CSCS14127, Foping County, Liangfengyading, 33°41.117'N, 107°51.250'E, 2128 m, 18.vi.2014, leg. Liwei Qi & Weinan Kang, Ethylacetate; Shaanxi Province: 1♀, CSCS17099, Mt Taibaishan, Kaitianguan, 34°0'33.79"N, 107°51'33.72"E, 1815 m, 19.vi.2017, leg. Meicai Wei & Hannan Wang, Ethylacetate; Shaanxi Province: 2♀, CSCS18055, Mt Taibaishan, Kaitianguan, Mei County, 34°0.572'N, 107°51.477'E, 1852 m, 10.vi.2018, leg. Kaiwen Gao, Ethylacetate; Ningxia Province: 1♀, Mt Liupanshan, Elonghe, 35°23.380'N, 106°20.701'E, 1945 m, 06.vii.2008, leg. Fei Liu; Ningxia Province: 2♀, Mt Liupanshan, Xixia, 35°29.604'N, 106°18.777'E, 1974 m, 1~2.vii.2008, leg. Fei Liu; Hubei Province: 1♀, CSCS11022, Mt Shennongjia, Guitouwan, Yichang City, 31°28.439'N, 110°08.872'E, 2150 m, 25~28.v.2011, leg. Zejian Li; Hubei Province: 1♀, CSCS15140, Mt Shennongjia, Banbiyan, 31°26.053'N, 110°14.021'E, 2650 m, 02.viii.2015, leg. Wei Xiao, Ethylacetate; Sichuan Province: 1♀, Jinding, Mt Emeishan, 3000 m, 18.vii.2001, leg. Meicai Wei; Sichuan Province: 1♀, Longlongba, Daocheng County, Yading, 3760 m, 22.vii.2005, leg. Hu Zhou; Sichuan Province: 2♀, Mt Hailuogou, Luding County, 2600–2700 m, 17.vii.2003, leg. Wei Xiao; Sichuan Province: 1♀, Mt Emeishan, Leidongping, 29°32.540'N, 103°19.638'E, 2458 m, 29.vii.2008, leg. Deming Wang; Sichuan Province: 7♀, Mt Hailuogou, Luding County, 3000~3100 m, 18.vii.2003, leg. Weixing Liu; Sichuan Province: 2♀, Mt Emeishan, Leidongping, 29°32.476'N, 103°19.890'E, 2400 m, 25~26.vii.2006, leg. Meicai Wei & Yihai Zhong; Sichuan Province: 6♀, 8♂, Mt Emeishan, Leidongping, 29°546'N, 103°327'E, 2350 m, 07.vii.2009, leg. Meicai Wei & Gengyun Niu; Sichuan Province: 2♀, Mt Hailuogou, Luding County, 29°603'N, 102°076'E, 2200 m, 03.vii.2009, leg. Gengyun Niu; Sichuan Province: 1♀, Mt Hailuogou, Luding County, 29°600'N, 102°000'E, 2900 m, 30.vi.2009, leg. Yihai Zhong; Sichuan Province: 3♀, CSCS142304, Wenchuan County, Wolong Town, Dengshenggou, 31°58.677'N, 103°6.533'E, 2200 m, 16.viii.2014, leg. Wei Xiao & Yilin Xiao, Ethylacetate; 3♀, CSCS142302, Wenchuan County, Wolong Town, Dengshenggou, 31°58.677'N, 103°6.533'E, 2200 m, 16.viii.2014, leg. Liwei Qi, Ethylacetate; Sichuan Province: 1♀, CSCS142305, Wenchuan County, Wolong Town, Yinchanggou, 31°58.333'N, 103°6.967'E, 2188 m, 16.viii.2014, leg. Liwei Qi, Ethylacetate; Sichuan Province: 5♀, CSCS16201, Menghuocheng, Shimian County, 28°53'23"N, 102°21'17"E, 2591 m, 25.vii.2016, leg. Hannan Wang, Ethylacetate; Sichuan Province: 1♀, CSCS16199, Menghuocheng, Shimian County, 28°53'23"N, 102°21'17"E, 2591 m, 23.vii.2016, leg. Hannan Wang, Ethylacetate.

Diagnosis

The species is similar to M. maculitibia Takeuchi, 1933 in general morphological characteristics: body and legs mainly black; lancet narrow and long, serrulae somewhat oblique, almost linear, middle serrulae each with 2 proximal and 9–13 distal teeth, subbasal teeth somewhat small and clear in both, but can be distinguished from the latter in having metepimeronal appendage less shiny than the latter, broad and large, with dense and fine punctures and some long hairs; postocellar area 2.3× broader than long; antenna as long as head and thorax together; mesoscutellum elevated, rounded, as high as top of mesonotum. M. maculitibia: metepimeronal appendage very shiny than the former, somewhat narrow and smooth, without punctures or long hairs; postocellar area 2.5× broader than long; antennae somewhat longer than head and thorax together; mesoscutellum elevated, somewhat higher than top of mesonotum.

Figures 1–12.

Macrophya jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005 1 Adult female, dorsal view 2 Adult male, dorsal view 3 Head of female, dorsal view 4 Head of female, anterior view 5 Antenna of female, lateral view 6 Mesopleuron and metapleuron of female; 7 Ovipositor sheath, lateral view 8 Lancet 9 The 8^th–10^th middle serrulae 10 Head of male, anterior view 11 Penis valve 12 Gonoforceps. Scale bars: 2 mm (1, 2); 100 µm (8, 11, 12); 50 µm (9).

Variability

Some female specimens with hind tibia entirely black, dorsal side without a small white macula subapically. This macula is described as present in the original description (Chen et al. 2015).

Host plants

Unknown.

Distribution

China (Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Hubei, Sichuan).

Macrophya longifossa sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/DC548309-0BAB-4574-848F-4D1BFEBEFBEA

Figures 13–20

Diagnosis

This new species is similar to M. jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005 in general morphological characteristics: body and legs mainly black; lancet narrow and long, serrulae somewhat oblique, almost linear, middle serrulae each with 2 proximal and 5–13 distal teeth, subbasal teeth somewhat small and clear in both, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following: malar space 0.5× diameter of median ocellus; subapical antennomeres dilated, slightly broader than pedicel; apical part of fore wing without smoky macula; anterior 2/5 of katepimeron smooth and shiny; metepimeronal appendage broad and shallow, 4.5× as long and 3× as broad as diameter of median ocellus; fore wing hyaline, below stigma without smoky macula. M. jiuzhaina: malar space 0.7× diameter of middle ocellus; subapical antennomeres not dilated, slightly slender than pedicel; apical 1/3 of fore wing with smoky macula, basal 2/3 hyaline; anterior margin of katepimeron narrow and smooth; metepimeronal appendage slightly smaller than the former, 4× as long and 3× as broad as diameter of median ocellus; basal 2/3 of fore wing hyaline, apical 1/3 below stigma with smoky macula.

Description

Holotype: female. Body length 9.5 mm. Body and legs black, following parts white: basal half of mandibles, apex in anterior surface of fore femur, anterior surface of fore tibia, subbasal part on dorsal side of hind tibia. Body hairs pale brown, setae on sheath black brown. Wings hyaline, without smoky macula, stigma and veins black brown (Fig. 13).

Figures 13–20.

Macrophya longifossa sp. n., ♀, holotype 13 Female adult, dorsal view 14 Head of female, dorsal view 15 Head of female, anterior view 16 Mesopleuron and metapleuron of female 17 Antenna of female, lateral view 18 Ovipositor sheath, dorsal view 19 Lancet 20 The 8^th–10^th middle serrulae. Scale bars: 2 mm (13); 100 µm (19); 50 µm (20).

Dorsum of head somewhat shiny; frons with somewhat dense and rugose punctures, without smooth interspaces between punctures (Fig. 14); labrum and clypeus somewhat polished, with sparse and shallow punctures, microsculpture fine. Mesonotum somewhat shiny, punctures on mesonotum smaller and finer than punctures on head, without smooth interspaces between punctures, with fine but distinct microsculpture; punctures on mesoscutellum somewhat large and rugose, microsculpture just visible; metascutellum with some indistinct punctures and microsculpture; mesepisternum densely punctured, interspaces with fine microsculpture, upper 1/3 with somewhat large punctures, lower 2/3 with minute punctures; anepimeron dull, punctures and wrinkles rugose; anterior 2/5 of katepimeron smooth and shiny, without punctures or microsculpture, posterior 3/5 of katepimeron coarsely punctured and rugose; lateral region of metepisternum dull, minutely and densely punctured, microsculpture fine; metepimeron somewhat shiny, depressed area of metepimeron weakly punctured, elevated part of metepimeron coarsely punctured; metepimeronal appendage with fine punctures and microsculpture; anterior with a distinct smooth and obtuse carina (Fig. 16). All abdominal terga shiny, center of abdominal tergum I with fine microsculpture, lateral sides with distinct punctures; other abdominal terga with fine microsculpture and very sparse but distinct punctures. Hind coxa and outer side of hind femur somewhat shiny, with slightly dense minute punctures, interspaces between punctures with fine microsculpture. Surface of sheath with fine punctures and faint microsculpture.

Anterior margin of labrum truncate; clypeus somewhat elevated in lateral view, broader than distance between the shortest distance between lower inner orbits; lateral sides convergent forwards, anterior margin shallowly incised to nearly 1/5× length of clypeus, lateral corner subquadrate, apical margin short and obtuse (Fig. 15); malar space 0.5× diameter of median ocellus; frons flat, as high as top of eyes in lateral view; middle fovea shallow and fine; lateral foveae slightly deep, furrow-like; interocellar furrow distinct, postocellar furrow indistinct; POL: OOL: OCL = 6: 15: 8; postocellar area slightly elevated, not higher than top of eyes, approximately 2.3× broader than long (9 : 4), lateral furrows deep and divergent backwards; head narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view, occipital carina complete. Antenna slender, as long as head and thorax together, 0.8× length of abdomen; antennomere II 1.4× as long as broad (24: 17), antennomere III 1.7× as long as antennomere IV (19: 11), slightly shorter than antennomeres IV and V together (95 : 103), subapical antennomeres dilated and slightly broader than pedicel, weakly compressed, the ratio of antennomeres IV–IX = 55 : 48 : 35 : 32 : 30 : 33 (Fig. 17). Mesoscutellum elevated roundish, posterior with fine peak, lateral sides with fine carina, without middle carina, as high as top of mesonotum; mesoscutellar appendage with a high and acute middle carina, metascutellum with a low and short middle carina; dorsal-posterior platform of mesepimeron as broad as diameter of median ocellus; metepimeronal appendage broad and large, approximately 4.5× as long and 3× as broad as diameter of median ocellus; mesopleuron and metapleuron as in Figure 16; distance between cenchri twice as broad as a cenchrus. Inner spur of hind tibia 0.7 times length of metabasitarsus (43 : 60); metabasitarsus slender, approximately 1.1× length of following four tarsomeres together (12 : 11); claw with inner tooth slightly shorter than outer tooth. Ovipositor sheath slightly shorter than metabasitarsus (14 : 15), apical sheath longer than basal sheath (29 : 25), apical margin slightly acute and somewhat rounded in lateral view (Fig. 18). Fore wing with vein cu-a joining cell 1M in basal 1/3, vein 2r joining cell 2Rs in apical 1/5, cell 2Rs slightly shorter than cell 1Rs, vein 2r-m slightly oblique, anal cell with a long spot-like vein; petiole of anal cell in hind wing as long as vein cu-a. Lancet with 21 serrulae (Fig. 19), serrulae oblique and weakly protruding, middle serrulae each with two proximal and 5–8 distal teeth, subbasal teeth slightly large and few, annular spine bands narrow, the 8^th –10^th middle serrulae as in Figure 20.

Male. Unknown.

Type material

Holotype, ♀, China: Shaanxi Province: Chang’an Region, Jiwozi, 33°51.319'N, 108°49.193'E, 1765 m, 27.vi.2008, leg. Xun Zhu. Paratypes, Ningxia Province: 3♀, CSCS17109, Guyuan City, Jingyuan County, Erlonghe, 35°18'59"N, 106°21'3"E, 2176m, 30.vi.2017, leg. Meicai Wei & Hannan Wang, Ethylacetate; Ningxia Province: 1♀, CSCS17110, Guyuan City, Jingyuan County, Yehegu, Waigou, 35°29'53"N, 106°13'22"E, 2281 m, 01.vii.2017, leg. Meicai Wei & Hannan Wang, Ethylacetate; Ningxia Province: 1♀, CSCS17107, Guyuan City, Jingyuan County, Sutai Forest Farm, 35°27'23"N, 106°12'2"E, 2281m, 28.vii.2017, leg. Meicai Wei & Hannan Wang, Ethylacetate.

Host plants

Unknown.

Distribution

China (Ningxia, Shaanxi).

Etymology

The specific name is derived from two Latin words “longus” and “fossa” referring to the long and large fossa of the metepimeronal appendage.

Macrophya maculitibia Takeuchi, 1933

Figures 21–28

Macrophya maculitibia Takeuchi 1933: 27–28.

Material examined

China: Jilin Province: 2♀, Mt Changbaishan, 1300 m, 02.vii.1999, leg. Meicai Wei & Haiyan Nie; Jilin Province: 3♀, Mt Changbaishan, Huangsongpu Forest Farm, 42°10.979'N, 128°10.278'E, 1145 m, 24.vii.2008, leg. Gengyun Niu & Yuan Zhang; Jilin Province: 3♀, Mt Changbaishan, Wenquanpubu, 42°02.673'N, 128°03.540'E, 1866 m, 23.vii.2008, leg. Meicai Wei & Gengyun Niu; Jilin Province: 5♀, Mt Changbaishan, Dixiasenlin, 42°05.264'N, 128°04.489'E, 1600 m, 26.vii.2008, leg. Meicai Wei & Yuan Zhang; Jilin Province: 1♀, Mt Changbaishan, 05.viii.2008, leg. Maoling Sheng; Jilin Province: 6♀, CSCS12140, Mt Changbaishan, Changbaipubu, Baihe Town, 42°02.962'N, 128°03.372'E, 1850 m, 25.vii.2012, leg. Zejian Li & Jigang Jiang; Jilin Province: 3♀, CSCS12142, Mt Changbaishan, Huangsongpu Forest Farm, Baihe Town, 42°14.107'N, 128°10.704'E, 1030 m, 27.vii.2012, leg. Zejian Li & Mengmeng Liu; Jilin Province: 2♀, CSCS12126, Mt Changbaishan, Huangsongpu Forest Farm, Baihe Town, 42°14.107'N, 128°10.704'E, 1030 m, 20.vii.2012, leg. Zejian Li & Mengmeng Liu; Jilin Province: 2♀, CSCS12129, Mt Changbaishan, Huangsongpu Forest Farm, Baihe Town, 42°14.107'N, 128°10.704'E, 1030 m, 21.vii.2012, leg. Jigang Jiang & Lanlan Deng; Jilin Province: 2♀, CSCS12134, Mt Changbaishan, Huangsongpu Forest Farm, Baihe Town, 42°14.107'N, 128°10.704'E, 1030 m, 23.vii.2012, leg. Zejian Li & Mengmeng Liu; Jilin Province: 1♀, CSCS12139, Mt Changbaishan, Daxitaihe, Baihe Town, 42°13.796'N, 128°11.808'E, 1035 m, 24.vii.2012, leg. Jigang Jiang & Lanlan Deng; Jilin Province: 1♀, CSCS14194, Mt Changbaishan, Fanghuoliaowangta, 42°04'58"N, 128°13'43"E, 1400 m, 09.vii.2014, leg. Biao Chu, Ethylacetate; Jilin Province: 1♀, CSCS14191, Mt Changbaishan, Dixiasenlin, 42°05'10"N, 128°04'26"E, 1600 m, 05.vii.2014, leg. Biao Chu, Ethylacetate; Jilin Province: 1♀, CSCS14190, Mt Changbaishan, Changbaipubu, 42°02'30"N, 128°03'30"E, 1900 m, 05.vii.2017, leg. Biao Chu, Ethylacetate; Jilin Province: 1♀, CSCS14192, Erdaobaihe Town, Daxitaihe, 42°13'04"N, 128°10'50"E, 1060 m, 08.vii 2014., leg. Biao Chu, Ethylacetate; Liaoning Province, 1♀, Gaolingzi, 02~05.viii.1955, Chinese Academy Sciences; Liaoning Province: 1♀, Gaolingzi, 20.vii.1954, Chinese Academy Sciences.

Figures 21–28.

Macrophya maculitibia Takeuchi, 1933 21 Female adult, dorsal view 22 Head of female, dorsal view 23 Head of female, anterior view 24 Antenna of female, lateral view 25 Mesopleuron and metapleuron of female 26 Ovipositor sheath, dorsal view 27 Lancet 28 The 8^th–10^th middle serrulae. Scale bars: 2 mm (21); 100 um (27); 50 um (28).

Diagnosis

The species is similar to M. jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005 in general morphology characteristics which are body and legs mainly black; lancet narrow and long, serrulae somewhat oblique, almost linear, middle serrulae each with 2 proximal and 9–13 distal teeth, subbasal teeth somewhat small and clear in both, but can be distinguished from the latter in having metepimeronal appendage very shiny, somewhat narrow and smooth, without punctures or long hairs; postocellar area 2.5 × broader than long; antennae somewhat longer than head and thorax together; mesoscutellum elevated, somewhat higher than top of mesonotum. M. maculitibia: metepimeronal appendage less shiny, broad and large, with dense and fine punctures and some long hairs; postocellar area 2.3 × broader than long; antenna as long as head and thorax together; mesoscutellum elevated, rounded, as high as top of mesonotum.

Host plants

Unknown.

Distribution

China (Jilin, Liaoning), Siberia, North Korea, Japan.

Macrophya motuoa sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/9643BB46-2FEB-4B06-93D6-80F30BF6EC7E

Figures 29–36

Diagnosis

This new species is similar to M. jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005 in general morphological characteristics: body and legs mainly black; lancet narrow and long, serrulae somewhat oblique, almost linear, middle serrulae each with 2 proximal and 10–13 distal teeth, subbasal teeth somewhat small and clear in both, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following: postocellar area 2× broader than long; metepimeronal appendage somewhat narrow and small, nearly triangular, apical margin slightly roundish, 2.5× as long and broad as diameter of median ocellus; mesoscutellum distinctly elevated, posterior with a peak, lateral sides and center with slightly distinct carina, slightly higher than top of mesonotum; fore wing hyaline, below stigma without smoky macula. M. jiuzhaina: postocellar area 2.3× broader than long; metepimeronal appendage broad and shallow, not triangular, 4× as long and 3× as broad asdiameter of median ocellus; posterior of mesoscutellum without a peak, center without a middle carina, with fine lateral carinae, as high as top of mesonotum; basal 2/3 of fore wing hyaline, apical 1/3 below stigma with smoky macula.

Description

Holotype: female. Body length 9.5 mm. Body and legs black; following parts white: basal half of mandibles, anterior surface of fore femur partly and subbasal part in dorsal side of hind tibia. Body hairs pale brown, setae on sheath hairs pale black-brown. Wings hyaline, without smoky macula, stigma and veins black brown. (Fig. 29)

Figures 29–36.

Macrophya motuoa sp. n., ♀, holotype 29 Female adult, dorsal view 30 Head of female, dorsal view 31 Head of female, anterior view 32 Antenna of female, lateral view 33 Mesopleuron and metapleuron of female 34 Ovipositor sheath, dorsal view 35 Lancet 36 The 8^th–10^th middle serrulae. Scale bars: 2 mm (29); 100 um (35); 50 um (36).

Dorsum of head shiny, frons with somewhat dense and rugose punctures, interspaces between punctures narrow, with fine microsculpture (Fig. 30); labrum and clypeus somewhat shiny, punctures on labrum sparse, punctures on clypeus somewhat dense, punctures largely shallow and flat. Dorsum of mesonotum somewhat shiny, punctures on mesonotum minutely and densely punctured, without smooth interspaces between punctures, with fine microsculpture; punctures on mesoscutellum somewhat large and rugose; mesoscutellar appendage dull, with indistinct punctures and microsculpture faint; mesepisternum somewhat shiny, minutely and densely punctured, interspaces with fine microsculpture; anepimeron dull, wrinkles rugose; anterior 1/5 of katepimeron smooth and shiny, without punctures or microsculpture; posterior 4/5 of katepimeron with distinct punctures and microsculpture; lateral region of metepisternum dull, with fine punctures and microsculpture; metepimeron somewhat shiny, depressed area of metepimeron with sparse and fine punctures, microsculpture faint; metepimeronal appendage somewhat shiny, with fine punctures and indistinct microsculpture, anterior with a smooth and obtuse carina (Fig. 33). All abdominal terga shiny, center of abdominal tergum 1 with fine microsculpture, lateral sides with distinct punctures; other abdominal terga with fine microsculpture and very sparse but distinct punctures. Hind coxa and outer side of hind femur somewhat shiny, with somewhat dense minute punctures, interspaces between punctures with fine microsculpture. Surface of sheath with fine punctures and faint microsculpture.

Anterior margin of labrum more or less truncate; clypeus slightly elevated in lateral view, broader than distance between the shortest distance between lower inner orbits; lateral sides convergent forwards, anterior margin shallowly incised to approximately 1/5× length of clypeus; lateral corner subquadrate, apical margin short and obtuse (Fig. 31); malar space 0.8× diameter of median ocellus; frons flat, as high as top of eyes in lateral view; middle fovea shallow and fine; lateral foveae slightly deep, furrow-like; interocellar furrow distinct, postocellar furrow indistinct; POL : OOL : OCL = 3 : 7 : 4; postocellar area slightly elevated, not higher than top of eyes, approximately 2× broader than long (17 : 8), lateral furrows deep and divergent backwards; head narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view, occipital carina complete. Antenna slender, 1.1× longer than head and thorax together, 0.8 × longer than abdomen; antennomere II 1.2 × longer than broad (6 : 5), antennomere III 1.4× as long as antennomere IV (17 : 12), 0.8× as long as antennomeres IV and V together (17 : 22), subapical antennomeres not dilated and slightly narrower than pedicel, weakly compressed, the ratio of antennomeres IV–IX = 60 : 50 : 40 : 33 : 30 : 32 (Fig. 32). Mesoscutellum distinctly elevated, posterior with a peak, lateral sides and center with weak carina, slightly higher than top of mesonotum; mesoscutellar appendage with a high and acute middle carina, metascutellum with a low and short middle carina; dorsal-posterior platform of mesepimeron as broad as diameter of median ocellus; metepimeronal appendage narrow and small, nearly triangular, apical margin roundish, approximately 2.5× as long and broad as diameter of median ocellus; mesopleuron and metapleuron as in Figure 33; distance between cenchri 2× as broad as a cenchrus. Inner spur of hind tibia 0.7× length of metabasitarsus (7 : 10); metabasitarsus slender, 1.1× length of following four tarsomeres together (15 : 14); claw with inner tooth slightly shorter than outer tooth. Ovipositor sheath slightly shorter than metabasitarsus (11 : 12), apical sheath slightly longer than basal sheath (9 : 7), apical margin somewhat narrow and rounded in lateral view (Fig. 34). Fore wing with vein cu-a joining cell 1M in basal 1/4, vein 2r joining cell 2Rs in apical 1/5, cell 2Rs as long as cell 1Rs, vein 2r-m slightly oblique, anal cell with a short vein and slightly shorter than vein 1r-m; petiole of anal cell in hind wing as long as vein cu-a. Lancet with 20 serrulae (Fig. 35), serrulae oblique and flat, middle serrulae each with two proximal and 10–11 distal teeth, subbasal teeth slightly small, annular spine bands narrow, the 8^th –10^th middle serrulae as in Figure 36.

Male. Unknown.

Type examined

Holotype, ♀, China: Tibet: Motuo County, Hanmi, 29°22'N, 95°07'E, 2180 m, 16.vi.2009, leg. Zejian Li. Paratypes, Tibet: 3♀, CSCS142261, Linzhi District, Motuo County, 44K, 29°42.1'N, 95°33.967'E, 2730 m, 20.vii.2014, leg. Liwei Qi, Ethylacetate; Tibet: 1♀, CSCS142263, Linzhi District, Motuo County, 44K, 29°42.1'N, 95°33.967'E, 2730 m, 20.vii.2014, leg. Wei Xiao & Yilin Xiao, Ethylacetate.

Host plants

Unknown.

Distribution

China (Tibet).

Etymology

The specific name is derived from the locality of the new species which is Motuo County, Tibet in China.

Macrophya yunnana sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/38454BEC-CC06-426B-80B8-CC7A18077800

Figures 37–44

Diagnosis

This new species is very similar to M. jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005 in general morphological characteristics: body and legs mainly black; basal 2/3 of fore wing hyaline, apical 1/3 of below stigma with smoky macula; metepimeronal appendage usually broad and shallow, less shiny, with somewhat dense fine punctures and long hairs; mesoscutellum as high as top of mesonotum; lancet narrow and long, serrulae somewhat oblique, almost linear, middle serrulae each with 2 proximal and 6–13 distal teeth, subbasal teeth somewhat small and clear in both, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following: postocellar area 1.9× broader than long; metepimeronal appendage 3× as long and twice as broad as diameter of median ocellus; apical margin of ovipositor sheath somewhat rounded and acute in lateral view; middle serrulae of lancet in female each with two proximal and 6–11 distal teeth. M. jiuzhaina: postocellar area 2.3× broader than long; metepimeronal appendage 4× as long and 3× as broad as diameter of median ocellus; apical margin of ovipositor sheath rounded and slightly obtusein lateral view; middle serrulae of lancet in female each with two proximal and 10–13 distal teeth.

Description

Holotype: female. Body length 9.5 mm. Body and legs black; following parts white: basal half of mandibles, apical half on anterior surface of fore femur, anterior surface largely of fore tibia, subbasal part of dorsal side of hind tibia. Body hairs pale brown; setae on sheath black-brown. Wings largely hyaline, apical 1/3 of fore wing with smoky macula, stigma, and veins black-brown. (Fig. 37)

Figures 37–44.

Macrophya yunnana sp. n., ♀, holotype 37 Female adult, dorsal view 38 Head of female, dorsal view 39 Head of female, anterior view 40 Antenna of female, lateral view 41 Mesopleuron and metapleuron of female 42 Ovipositor sheath, dorsal view 43 Lancet 44 The 8^th–10^th middle serrulae. Scale bars: 2 mm (37); 100 um (43); 50 um (44)

Dorsum of head somewhat shiny, frons rugose with dense punctures, interspaces with fine microsculpture (Fig. 38); labrum and clypeus somewhat shiny, punctures on labrum sparse, punctures on clypeus more dense, punctures largely shallow and flat, microsculpture fine. Dorsum of mesonotum somewhat shiny, punctures on mesonotum minute and dense, interspaces with fine microsculpture; mesoscutellum rugose with somewhat large punctures; mesoscutellar appendage somewhat shiny, with indistinct punctures and weak microsculpture; metascutellum dull, with distinct microsculpture; mesepisternum somewhat shiny, with minute and shallow punctures, interspaces with fine microsculpture; anepimeron dull, wrinkles rugose; anterior 1/5 of katepimeron smooth and shiny, without punctures or microsculpture; posterior 4/5 of katepimeron with distinct punctures and microsculpture; lateral region of metepisternum somewhat shiny, with fine punctures and microsculpture; metepimeron someahat shiny, depressed area of metepimeron with sparse and fine punctures, microsculpture faint; metepimeronal appendage somewhat shiny, with fine punctures and indistinct microsculpture, anterior with a smooth and obtuse carina (Fig. 41). All abdominal terga shiny, center of abdominal tergum 1 with fine microsculpture, lateral sides with distinct punctures; other abdominal terga with very sparse and distinct punctures, microsculpture fine but distinct. Hind coxa and outer side of hind femur somewhat shiny, with slightly dense and minute punctures, interspaces between punctures with fine microsculpture. Surface of sheath with fine punctures and indistinct microsculpture.

Anterior margin of labrum more or less truncate; clypeus slightly elevated in lateral view, broader than distance between the shortest distance between lower inner orbits; lateral sides convergent forwards, anterior margin shallowly incised to approximately 1/5× length of clypeus; lateral corner of clypeus subquadrate, apical margin of lateral lobes short and obtuse (Fig. 39); malar space 0.6× diameter of median ocellus; frons flat, as high as top of eyes in lateral view; median fovea shallow and fine; lateral foveae slightly deep, furrow-like; interocellar furrow distinct, postocellar furrow indistinct; POL : OOL : OCL = 3 : 7 : 4; postocellar area slightly elevated, not higher than top of eyes, approximately 1.9× broader than long (15 : 8), lateral furrows deep and divergent backwards; head narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view, occipital carina complete. Antenna slender, 1.3× longer than head and thorax together, 0.9× longer than abdomen; antennomere II 1.3× longer than broad (23: 18), antennomere III 1.7× as long as antennomere IV (92 : 55), as long as antennomeres IV and V together (92 : 105), subapical antennomeres slightly dilated and broader than pedicel, weakly compressed, the ratio of antennomeres IV–IX = 55 : 50 : 36 : 32 : 30 : 33 (Fig. 40). Mesoscutellum elevated, rounded, posterior with a faint peak, lateral sides and center with indistinct carina, as high as top of mesonotum; mesoscutellar appendage with a high and acute median carina, metascutellum with a low and short middle carina; dorsal-posterior platform of mesepimeron as broad as diameter of median ocellus; metepimeronal appendage somewhat broad and shallow, apical margin round, approximately 3× as long and 2× as broad as diameter of median ocellus;mesopleuron and metapleuron as in Fig. 41; distance between cenchri 2× as broad as a cenchrus. Inner spur of hind tibia 0.7× length of metabasitarsus (20 : 29); metabasitarsus slender, 1.1× length of following four tarsomeres together (29 : 26); claw with inner tooth slightly shorter than outer tooth. Ovipositor sheath slightly shorter than metabasitarsus (55 : 58), apical sheath slightly longer than basal sheath (31: 21), apical margin somewhat narrow and rounded in lateral view (Fig. 42). Fore wing with vein cu-a joining cell 1M in basal 1/4, vein 2r joining cell 2Rs in apical 1/3, cell 2Rs slightly longer than cell 1Rs, vein 2r-m slightly oblique, anal cell with a short long spot-like vein; petiole of anal cell in hind wing as long as vein cu-a. Lancet with 21 serrulae (Fig. 43), serrulae oblique and flat, middle serrulae each with two proximal and 6–11 distal teeth, subbasal teeth slightly small, annular spine bands narrow, the 8^th –10^th middle serrulae as in Figure 44.

Male. Unknown.

Type material

Holotype, ♀, China: Yunnan Province: Mt Yulongxueshan, Lijiang City, 2700~3100 m, 25.vii.2004, leg. Wei Xiao. Paratypes, Yunnan Province: 1♀, Xiaozhongdian, Xianggelila City, 3000 m, 19.vii.2004, leg. Wei Xiao; Yunnan Province: 1♀, Mt Baimaxueshan, Deqin County, 28°443'N, 98°950'E, 3471 m, 19.vi.2009, leg. Yihai Zhong; Yunnan Province: 1♀, Mt Daorenshan, Yunlong County, 25°32.893'N, 99°11.267'E, 2265 m, 03.vi.2009, leg. Zejian Li.

Host plants

Unknown.

Distribution

China (Yunnan).

Etymology

The specific name is derived from the locality of the new species which is Yunnan Province in Southwest China.

Discussion

The Macrophya maculitibia group is a medium-sized species group in the genus Macrophya Dahlbom, 1835. At present, there are five species including three new species from China in this group: M. jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005, M. longifossa sp. n., M. maculitibia Takeuchi, 1933, M. yunnana sp. n., and M. motuoa sp. n. (Chen et al. 2005; Takeuchi 1933). The species hosts of this group are unknown. The M. maculitibia group was proposed in a book by Li et al. (2018d) but not reviewed due to a limits on the number of words. With the new material now available, three new species are described and reported, as well as a key is presented to all known Chinese species.

Acknowledgements

We are deeply grateful to Spencer K. Monckton and Professor Maoling Sheng for valuable comments and suggestions. This research was partly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY18C040001) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672344, 31501885).

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