Superficial structures in Heptapterus carmelitanorum; a. Sub-labial groove (blue arrowhead) and cleithral skinfold (black arrowhead); b. Labial slit (blue arrowheads) and plicae on the outer (lemon arrowheads) and inner (pink arrowheads) lips; c. Posterior nostril, evidencing shape of posterior notch (red arrowhead).

 
 
  Part of: Deprá GC, Aguilera G, Faustino-Fuster DR, Katz AM, Azevedo-Santos VM (2022) Redefinition of Heptapterus (Heptapteridae) and description of Heptapterus carmelitanorum, a new species from the upper Paraná River basin in Brazil. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98(2): 327-343. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.89413