Osteological structures of Trichomycterus largoperculatus: A. Mesethmoidal region and adjacent structures, middle and left portion, dorsal view; B. Left jaw suspensorium and opercular apparatus, lateral view; C. Middle and left portion of brachial arches, ventral view of dorsal elements on left, dorsal view of ventral elements on right. Abbreviations: ac4, accessory cartilage basibranchial 4; b2–3, basibranchials 2–3; bc4, cartilaginous basibranchial 4; c1–5, ceratobranchials 1–5; e1–4, epibranchials 1–4; epf, expanded pre-opercular ventral flap; p3, pharyngobranchial 3; h1–3, hypobranchials 1–3; hog, hyomandibular outgrowth; pt4, pharyngobranchial 4 tooth-plate. Larger stippling represents cartilages.