An illustrated catalogue of Rudolf Sturany’s type specimens in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria (NHMW): more Red Sea species

Rudolf Sturany published a series of papers describing multiple gastropods and bivalves from the Red Sea collected during the expeditions of the vessel “Pola” between 1895 and 1898. In a less known paper, he introduced the genus Levanderia (Galeommatidae) and described three more species from the Red Sea: Drillia levanderi, Levanderia erythraeensis and Raeta jickelii. We here list and illustrate their type material, provide the original description, a translation into English and curatorial and taxonomic comments.


Introduction
In a series of illustrated catalogues, we revised the type material of the marine species described by Rudolf Sturany, curator of the molluscan collection at the Natural History Museum in Vienna between 1889 and 1922 (Albano et al. 2017(Albano et al. , 2018(Albano et al. , 2019. Sturany worked on samples collected during the "Pola" expeditions to the Mediterranean and Red Sea (Schefbeck 1996;Stagl 2012) introducing 15 names for the eastern Mediterranean Sea and 56 from the Red Sea. In a short paper published in 1905, he described three additional species and introduced the genus Levanderia. These samples were sent to him by K.M. Levander and C.F. Jickeli. Kaarlo Mainio Levander (1867-1943 was a Finnish zoologist, working at the Zoological Museum of the University of Helsinki. He travelled to the Red Sea in the 1890s. Carl Friedrich Jickeli (1850Jickeli ( -1925 was a Romanian (Transylvanian) zoologist and malacologist born in today's Sibiu (Romania), a city named Hermannstadt at the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He spent sever-al months between 1870 and 1871 collecting continental and marine molluscs along the Red Sea. His field trip notes (Jickeli 1873a, b, c) are allegedly the first written report of a collecting trip focused exclusively on molluscs and were translated into English (Jacobson 1974(Jacobson , 1975a. Inspired by recommendation 72F.4 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) that invites institutions to publish lists of name-bearing types in their possession, we complete the revision of the type specimens of Sturany's marine taxa by treating here these last three species.

Materials and methods
Type series of Sturany's species were segregated from the general collection. For each species, we here provide references to the original description and figure, indicate the original localities, list the type material, reproduce the original description and translate it into English. All the mentioned inventory numbers refer to the Mollusca collection of NHMW. The systematic arrangement follows Bouchet et al. (2010Bouchet et al. ( , 2017. The re-assessment of the current taxonomic status of Sturany's names is beyond the scope of this paper, but we added notes on their validity according to MolluscaBase. Any citation to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) should be considered to its online version, which includes all recent amendments. We follow the guidelines for the citation of specimen data by Chester et al. (2019). Photos were shot with a Nikon SMZ25 microscope; larger shells were photographed with a Nikon D7200 camera and a Nikon Micro-Nikkor 60 mm lens. Specimens were measured with a calliper. Drillia levanderi Sturany, 1905: 135-146, with    Translation. The 19.5 mm high, 7.2 mm wide shell, which is distinguished by an 8 mm high aperture, consists of 11 whorls. The first 2 1 / 2 -3 whorls are smooth and followed by strong axial ribs, which are joined by gradually growing spiral cords. The last and penultimate whorl carry eight axial ribs, the upper ones have seven. They hardly reach half of the last whorl, so that the dark violet-coloured base of the shell remains free; on the other hand, just before the aperture, there is a strong varix that extends from the anal sinus to the basal part. The dark colour of the shell base is caused by a wide band, which can be traced right up to the upper whorls where it is covered by the following whorl, but still emerging in the form of interconnected spots.
The top spiral cord is in the lower part of the whorl and is particularly marked by yellow spots, but the ones lying underneath also show such spots here and there, especially on the last whorl. The pearl cord-like bands are strikingly beautiful on the dark background. The outer lip is jagged, with a marked anal sinus, bent back like a spout; the inner lip has a strong varix on top, the inside of the inner lip is pink.

Family Galeommatidae Gray, 1840
Levanderia erythraeensis Sturany, 1905   Translation. The valves, which are almost flat on one level and therefore opened to the greatest extent, are slightly arched from anterior to posterior, due to a ridge running across the beak, and lie on top of a flattened soft body that leaves inside delicate traces of the pallial sinus and the muscle scars. The width of the open valves is 5 mm (thus the height of each valve is 2 1 / 2 mm), their length 8.1 mm.
The upper margin of each valve runs straight and is half connected to its counterpart by a delicate membrane; a narrow gap of about 2 mm extends from the rounded anterior and posterior margin. The lower and upper margins run almost parallel and show just a delicate indentation in the centre.
The tiny beaks, somewhat eccentric, lie teat-like in a white area, while the remaining part of the shells is covered by a light yellow and delicate epidermis, which has taken on the highly peculiar sculpture (often bent and wavy, but strictly speaking concentric lines) . The inside of the valves is chalky white. There is hardly any hinge, only a very small, coneshaped formation originating from both valves.
This interesting clam was discovered in a coral bank by Dr. Levander in Massaua on 13 March 1895. The hinge is reminiscent of the genus Galeomma (for example, G. denticulata Desh. from the island of Reunion) and the position of the valves of the Australian genus Ephippodonta Tate, but it differs from both due to its sculpture.
Comments. This is the type species of genus Levanderia Sturany, 1905. The species and the genus are currently considered valid taxa (MolluscaBase 2020).

Family Anatinellidae Deshayes, 1853
Raeta jickelii Sturany, 1905 Figure 3 Raeta jickelii Sturany, 1905Sturany, : 133-1134  Translation. This species was discovered with incomplete specimens by Dr. Jickeli in Massaua. Only the figured left valve (43 mm long, 31.5 mm high, 11.5 mm deep) is in good condition and there are merely fragments of another two left valves (which were up to 51 mm long and 42 mm high), while a right valve is not present at all.
The thin-shelled clam is rounded at the anterior end and has a slightly outwards turned posterior end. It is concentrically plicated, milky white and glossy. The beak lies centrally and dominates the hinge, which reveals a ligament pit (below the beak), two vertical teeth at the front and elongated front and back teeth running parallel to the upper margin. The anterior of the cardinal teeth is weak and simple, the posterior significantly stronger, but constricted from two sides, so that it has a star-shaped, three-pointed cross section. The muscle scars are indistinct, the pallial sinus extends to the centre. The closest related species are R. canaliculata Say and B. abercrombiei Melv.