Corresponding author: Meicai Wei (
Academic editor: Martin Husemann
The
The
All specimens of the newly described species were obtained by sweeping in wooded bog and forest fringe zones in Yunnan Province (southern China) from 1994 to present. Eight specimens of three new species and 788 specimens of known species were examined and studied for this work. The specimens were examined with a Motic-SMZ-171 stereomicroscope. Images of the imagines were taken with a Nikon D700 digital camera and a Leica Z16APO. The genitalia were examined with a Motic BA410E microscope and photographed with Motic Moticam Pro 285A. Images were focus-stacked using Helicon Focus (HeliconSoft, Kharkiv, Ukraine) and further processed with Adobe Photoshop CS 11.0.
The terminology of genitalia follows
All types are deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China (
1 | Female | 2 |
– | Male | 21 |
2 | Ovipositor sheath much longer than middle tibia | 3 |
– | Ovipositor sheath clearly shorter than middle tibia | 5 |
3 | Posterior margin of pronotum with narrow white band; dorsal surface of hind tibia with a large white macula subapically. China (Beijing, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan) | |
– | Pronotum entirely black; dorsal surface of hind tibia with a subapical white macula smaller than above | 4 |
4 | Postocellar area 2.5× broader than long; |
|
– | Postocellar area twice broader than long; |
|
5 | Apex of middle tibia with a distinct white macula on dorsal surface; punctures on middle part of mesepisternum minute, much smaller than punctures on vertex | 6 |
– | Apex of middle tibia without white macula on dorsal surface, but sometimes with a white spot or stripe on anterior surface; punctures on middle part of mesepisternum about as large as or somewhat smaller than punctures on vertex | 12 |
6 | Hind trochanter entirely white | 7 |
– | Hind trochanter partly white, with a distinct black macula | 8 |
7 | Ovipositor sheath longer than fore tibia, with lateral setae very short, not distinctly curved; middle serrulae with 20 fine distal teeth. China (Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi) | |
– | Ovipositor sheath shorter than fore tibia, with lateral setae long and curved; middle serrulae with 10–12 distal teeth. China (Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi) | |
8 | Pronotum entirely black | 9 |
– | Posterior margin of pronotum white | 10 |
9 | Postocellar area 1.7× broader than long; fore and middle trochanters entirely black; hind trochanter entirely black; subapical white macula on dorsal surface of hind tibia about 2/5 length of tibia; posterior margin of metepimeronal appendage with a distinct shiny and obtuse carina toward the longitudinal axis of body; ovipositor sheath as long as fore tibia; the middle serrulae with 13–16 distal teeth. China (Jilin, Shaanxi) | |
– | Postocellar area twice broader than long; fore and middle trochanters largely black; hind trochanter largely white, ventral surface with black macula; subapical white macula on dorsal surface of hind tibia shorter than 1/3 length of tibia; the inner side of metepimeronal appendage without a shiny and obtuse carina; ovipositor sheath distinctly longer than fore tibia; lancet oblique and weakly protruding, with several larger teeth, the middle serrulae with 5–7 distal teeth. China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi) | |
10 | Hind tibia with broad white ring at mid-length, as long as half length of hind tibia. China (Shaanxi) | |
– | Hind tibia with subapical white macula shorter than half length of hind tibia | 11 |
11 | Abdominal tergum 1 entirely black, posterior margin without white macula; middle serrulae each with 1 or 2 proximal and 14 or 15 distal teeth, subbasal teeth small. China (Jilin) | |
– | Posterior margin of abdominal tergum 1 with 2 small, distinct and white maculae; middle serrulae flat, middle serrulae each with 2 proximal and 15–18 distal teeth, subbasal teeth minute. China (Jilin, Ningxia) | |
12 | Punctures on head and mesepisternum clearly defined, equal in size, interspaces strongly shiny; punctures on metepimeronal appendage clearly separated; hind tibia with white macula as long as half length of hind tibia. Myanmar; China (Chongqing, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Tibet) | |
– | Punctures on mesepisternum smaller than punctures on head, punctures crowded on both, interspaces very fine, partly obscure, less shiny; punctures on metepimeronal appendage hardly separated; hind tibia with subapical white macula distinctly shorter than half length of hind tibia | 13 |
13 | Frons distinctly convex and extending above top of eyes; posterior 1/3 of abdominal tergum 1 with white bands across its full breadth. China (Sichuan) | |
– | Frons flat and not extending above top of eyes; posterior margin of abdominal tergum 1 with very narrow white band, or with 2 small transverse white maculae | 14 |
14 | Posterior margin of pronotum white | 15 |
– | Pronotum entirely black | 16 |
15 | Setae on ovipositor sheath short and straight in dorsal view; posterior margin of metepimeronal appendage without glabrous patch; middle serrulae with 9 or 10 fine distal teeth; annular spine bands narrow and remaining distant from each other. China (Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan) | |
– | Setae on ovipositor sheath long and evenly curved in dorsal view; posterior margin of metepimeronal appendage with a distinct glabrous patch; middle serrulae with 5 or 6 fine distal teeth; annular spine bands broadly meeting each other. China (Gansu, Hubei, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan) | |
16 | Hind trochanter entirely black | 17 |
– | Ventral surface of hind trochanter with black macula | 18 |
17 | Postocellar area 1.7× broader than long; subapex in dorsal surface with a clear white macula; middle serrulae with 2 proximal and 5 or 6 distal teeth. Korea, Japan, Russia (East Siberia); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning) | |
– | Postocellar area twice broader than long (Figure |
|
18 | Ventral surface of hind trochanter with a large, distinct black macula | 19 |
– | Ventral surface of hind trochanter with a small, weak black macula | 20 |
19 | Postocellar area 2.2× broader than long; white band at center of posterior margin of abdominal tergum 1 narrow; subapical white macula on dorsal surface of hind tibia indistinct; petiole of anal cell in fore wing slightly shorter than vein 1r-m, about half length of vein cu-a; middle serrulae of lancet each with 2 proximal and 7 or 8 distal teeth, cypsella between the 8th–9th serrulae slightly broader than length of the 9th serrula. China (Sichuan) | |
– | Postocellar area 2.5× broader than long; white band at center of posterior margin of abdominal tergum 1 broader than the former; subapical white macula on dorsal surface of hind tibia distinct and small, but oblique; petiole of anal cell in fore wing twice length of vein 1r-m, and about as long as vein cu-a; middle serrulae each with 2 proximal and 5–7 distal teeth, cypsella between the 8th–9th serrulae as broad as length of the 9th serrula. China (Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan) | |
20 | Anterior margin of clypeus incised to approximately 1/3 its length (Figure |
|
– | Anterior margin of clypeus incised to approximately 1/5 its length; middle serrulae with 2 proximal and 5–7 distal teeth; petiole of anal cell in hind wing 0.5× longer than cross-vein cu-a. China (Hubei, Jilin, Shaanxi) | |
21 | Hairs on abdominal terga erect, approximately as long as diameter of middle ocellus; anterior margin of valviceps somewhat acute | |
– | Hairs on abdominal terga oblique, much shorter than diameter of middle ocellus; anterior margin of valviceps more or less evenly rounded | 22 |
22 | Hind tibia with a white macula extending over approximately half its length | 23 |
– | Hind tibia with a white macula clearly shorter than half its length | 24 |
23 | Hind tibia with a broad, white ring about its mid-length; all trochanters mostly black; white macula on posterior margin of pronotum broad; valviceps slightly narrowed toward apex, ergot long below | |
– | Hind tibia with a white macula dorsally, but not forming; all trochanters entirely white; white macula on posterior margin of pronotum narrow; valviceps not narrowed toward apex, ergot short above | |
24 | Fore and middle trochanters mostly to entirely black | 25 |
– | Fore and middle trochanters entirely white | 29 |
25 | Hind trochanter mostly to entirely black | 26 |
– | Hind trochanter entirely white | 28 |
26 | Hind trochanter entirely black; pronotum entirely black | |
– | Hind trochanter mostly black, marginal parts white; posterior margin of pronotum with white band more or less | 27 |
27 | Posterior margin of pronotum with broad white band; hind tibia with a distinct dorsal white macula; ergot of pennis valve long below | |
– | Posterior margin of pronotum with narrow white band; hind tibia with dorsal white macula weak or distinct; ergot of penis valve short above | |
28 | White band in posterior margin of pronotum narrow but distinct; interspaces between punctures on vertex as broad as diameter of a puncture; valvula of penis valve not broadened toward apex | |
– | Posterior margin of pronotum entirely black; interspaces between punctures on vertex narrower than diameter of a puncture; valvula of penis valve clearly broadened toward apex | |
29 | Labrum and clypeus entirely white | 30 |
– | Labrum largely black and clypeus entirely black | 32 |
30 | Punctures on vertex large; ventral surface of hind femur black, without white band; valviceps approximately 2.3× longer than broad | |
– | Punctures on vertex minute; ventral surface of hind femur with distinct white band; valviceps clearly 1.4–1.7× longer than broad | 31 |
31 | White band on posterior margin of abdominal tergum 1 very narrow; entire posterior margin of pronotum with narrow white macula; sterna of abdomen entirely black | |
– | White band submedially on posterior margin of abdominal tergum 1 approximately 2/5 of its breadth clearly; posterior margin of pronotum with a distinct, broad white macula; sterna of abdomen largely white | |
32 | White band at posterior margin of pronotum distinct | |
– | White band at posterior margin of pronotum weak or indistinct |
The new species is morphologically similar to
Holotype: female. Body length 7 mm. Body and legs black; following parts pale brown: palp mostly, a small triangular macula on apical margin of clypeus, ventral surface of fore tarsomere mostly; following parts white: basal half of mandibles, transverse macula submedially on posterior margin of abdominal tergum 1, apical margins of all coxae, apical margins of fore and middle trochanters, hind trochanter except for ventral surface with a small black macula, apex of fore and middle femora anteriorly, anterior surface of middle tibia, hind tibia with long, narrow subapical macula on dorsal surface. Body hairs short and dense, silver; setae on ovipositor sheath slightly long and curved, blackish brown. Wings hyaline, without smoky macula, pterostigma and veins mostly blackish brown (Figure
Vertex shiny; frontal area coarsely and densely punctured clearly, smooth interspaces distinct and smooth; interspaces of postocellar area with small areas and some large punctures, interspaces distinct and without microsculpture (Figure
Labrum elevated medially, anterior margin slightly truncate; clypeus weakly elevated, base slightly broader than distance between lower inner orbits of eyes, lateral sides distinctly convergent apically, anterior margin shallowly incised to approximately 1/3 its length, lateral corners somewhat short and broad, lobe margin subtriangular (Figure
Unknown.
Holotype, ♀, China: Yunnan Province: Longling County, Mount Xiaohei,
Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
The specific name “
The new species is morphologically similar to
Holotype: female. Body length 8 mm. Body and legs black; palp mostly blackish brown; a small triangular macula on apical margin of clypeus pale brown; following parts white: basal half of mandibles, broad band on posterior margin of abdominal tergum 1 submedially, apical margins of fore and middle coxae, their outer surfaces with some longitudinal stripes, apical margin of hind coxa, fore and middle trochanters narrowly, hind trochanter entirely, anterior surface of fore and middle femora apically, anterior surface of fore tibia, hind tibia with small dorsal macula subapically; ventral surfaces of fore and middle tarsomeres mostly pale brown to pale blackish brown. Body hairs short and dense, silver; setae on ovipositor sheath slightly long and curved, blackish brown. Wings hyaline, without smoky macula, pterostigma and veins mostly blackish brown (Figure
Vertex less shiny; frontal area coarsely and densely punctured, interspaces smooth and narrow; interspaces of postocular area and postocellar area with sparse large punctures, interspaces between punctures distinct (Figure
Labrum elevated medially, anterior margin slightly truncate; clypeus weakly elevated, base slightly broader than distance between lower inner orbits of eyes, lateral sides distinctly convergent apically, anterior margin deeply incised to approximately half its length, lateral corners short and broad, lobe margin roundly subtriangular (Figure
Unknown.
Holotype, ♀, China: Yunnan Province: Liuku County, Pianma, Yakou,
Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
The specific name “
The new species is morphologically similar to
Holotype: female. Body length 7.5 mm. Body and legs black; a small triangular macula in anterior margin of clypeus pale brown; following parts white: basal half of mandibles, narrow band on posterior margin of abdominal tergum 1 submedially, apical margins of fore and middle coxae, apical half in anterior surface of fore femur, base mostly in anterior surface of fore tibia, hind trochanter entirely, hind tibia with small dorsal macula subapically. Body hairs short and dense, silvery; setae on ovipositor sheath slightly curved, blackish brown. Wings hyaline, below pterostigma with pale smoky macula, boundary ill-defined, pterostigma and veins mostly blackish brown (Figure
Vertex less shiny; frontal area coarsely and densely punctured, interspaces smooth but weak; postocellar area mostly with sparse large punctures, interspaces narrow (Figure
Labrum elevated medially, anterior margin slightly truncate; clypeus weakly elevated, base slightly broader than distance between lower inner orbits of eyes, lateral sides distinctly convergent apically, anterior margin deeply incised to approximately 1/5 its length, lateral corners short and broad, lobe margin roundly subtriangular (Figure
Unknown.
Holotype, ♀, China: Yunnan Province: Deqin County, Mountt Meri,
Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
Geographical distribution map of
The specific name “
The
The authors are deeply grateful to Dr. Kees van Achterberg and Spencer K. Monckton for valuable comments and suggestions. This research was partly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. LY18C040001) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31672344).