Three new species of the Macrophya maculitibia group ( Hymenoptera , Tenthredinidae ) with a key to known species from China

The Macrophya maculitibia group is proposed and defined. Five species are reported from China, among them three new species, Macrophya longifossa sp. n., M. motuoa sp. n., and M. yunnana sp. n., and two known species, M. maculitibia Takeuchi, 1933, and M. jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005. A key to the Chinese species of the M. maculitibia group is

In the Macrophya maculitibia group, two species, M. maculitibia Takeuchi, 1933 from Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces, and M. jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005 from Sichuan Province, have been reported in China.In the present paper, three new species of the Macrophya maculitibia group are described and illustrated from China: M. longifossa sp.n., M. yunnana sp.n., and M. motuoa sp.n.All Chinese species are with similar general morphology and

Materials and methods
The specimens were examined with a Motic-SMZ-171 stereomicroscope.Adult images were taken with a Nikon D700 digital camera and focus-stacked using Helicon Focus (HeliconSoft, Kharkiv, Ukraine).All images were further processed with Adobe Photoshop CS 11.0.
Morphological descriptions of these new species are based on the holotype.The terminology of genitalia follows Ross (1945) and the general morphology follows Viitasaari (2002), although for a few terms (e.g., middle fovea and lateral fovea) we follow Takeuchi (1952).
The specimens examined in this study, including the holotype and paratypes of three new species, are deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China (CSCS).

Abbreviations:
OCL The distance between the lateral ocellus and the occipital carina, or the hind margin of the head where this carina would be if it were developed (Benson 1954).OOL The distance between the eye and the lateral ocellus.POL The distance between the mesal margins of the 2 lateral ocelli.

Macrophya maculitibia group
Remarks.Body black without metallic luster; posterior margin of metepimeron with a distinct appendage, appendage strongly elongated and polished, without long hairs; antennae and all trochanters black entirely; lancet narrow and long, with 20-21 serrulae, serrulae somewhat oblique, almost linear, middle serrulae each with 2 proximal and 12 or so distal teeth, subbasal teeth somewhat small and clear.This species group is a small lineage of Macrphya and is very close to the Macrophya imitator group but can be distinguished from the latter by having the posterior margin of metepimeron straight or slightly concave and the metepimeral appendage differentiated, but not elongated, at least partly punctured and evenly pilose, and without basin.Chen & Wei, 2002, M. funiushana Wei, 1998, M. imitatoides Wei, 2007, M. imitator Takeuchi, 1937, M. jiaozhaoae Wei & Zhao, 2010, M. kangdingensis Wei & Li, 2012, M. nigromaculata Wei & Li, 2010, M. omeialpina Li, Jiang & Wei, 2018, M. parimitator Wei, 1998, M. postscutellaris Malaise, 1945, M. semipunctata Li, Liu & Wei, 2018, and M. weni Wei, 1998(Li et al. 2018d).Among them, M. imitator Takeuchi is also distributed in Japan, Korea, and East Siberia (Takeuchi 1937), and M. postscutellaris Malaise is also distributed in Myanmar (Malaise 1945).This two species groups are easily to be distinguished by the key to species groups worldwide by Li et al. (Li et al. 2018d).
The M. maculitibia species group includes two known species and three new species described here.They can be separated by the following key.2.3× broader than long; antenna as long as head and thorax together; mesoscutellum elevated, rounded, as high as top of mesonotum.M. maculitibia: metepimeronal appendage very shiny than the former, somewhat narrow and smooth, without punctures or long hairs; postocellar area 2.5× broader than long; antennae somewhat longer than head and thorax together; mesoscutellum elevated, somewhat higher than top of mesonotum.

Key to the Chinese species of the
Variability.Some female specimens with hind tibia entirely black, dorsal side without a small white macula subapically.This macula is described as present in the original description (Chen et al. 2015).
Description.Holotype: female.Body length 9.5 mm.Body and legs black, following parts white: basal half of mandibles, apex in anterior surface of fore femur, anterior surface of fore tibia, subbasal part on dorsal side of hind tibia.Body hairs pale brown, setae on sheath black brown.Wings hyaline, without smoky macula, stigma and veins black brown (Fig. 13).Dorsum of head somewhat shiny; frons with somewhat dense and rugose punctures, without smooth interspaces between punctures (Fig. 14); labrum and clypeus somewhat polished, with sparse and shallow punctures, microsculpture fine.Mesonotum somewhat shiny, punc-tures on mesonotum smaller and finer than punctures on head, without smooth interspaces between punctures, with fine but distinct microsculpture; punctures on mesoscutellum somewhat large and rugose, microsculpture just visible; metascutellum with some indistinct punctures and microsculpture; mesepisternum densely punctured, interspaces with fine microsculpture, upper 1/3 with somewhat large punctures, lower 2/3 with minute punctures; anepimeron dull, punctures and wrinkles rugose; anterior 2/5 of katepimeron smooth and shiny, without punctures or microsculpture, posterior 3/5 of katepimeron coarsely punctured and rugose; lateral region of metepisternum dull, minutely and densely punctured, microsculpture fine; metepimeron somewhat shiny, depressed area of metepimeron weakly punctured, elevated part of metepimeron coarsely punctured; metepimeronal appendage with fine punctures and microsculpture; anterior with a distinct smooth and obtuse carina (Fig. 16).All abdominal terga shiny, center of abdominal tergum I with fine microsculpture, lateral sides with distinct punctures; other abdominal terga with fine microsculpture and very sparse but distinct punctures.Hind coxa and outer side of hind femur somewhat shiny, with slightly dense minute punctures, interspaces between punctures with fine microsculpture.Surface of sheath with fine punctures and faint microsculpture.
Anterior margin of labrum truncate; clypeus somewhat elevated in lateral view, broader than distance between the shortest distance between lower inner orbits; lateral sides convergent forwards, anterior margin shallowly incised to nearly 1/5× length of clypeus, lateral corner subquadrate, apical margin short and obtuse (Fig. 15); malar space 0.5× diameter of median ocellus; frons flat, as high as top of eyes in lateral view; middle fovea shallow and fine; lateral foveae slightly deep, furrow-like; interocellar furrow distinct, postocellar furrow indistinct; POL: OOL: OCL = 6: 15: 8; postocellar area slightly elevated, not higher than top of eyes, approximately 2.3× broader than long (9 : 4), lateral furrows deep and divergent backwards; head narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view, occipital carina complete.Antenna slender, as long as head and thorax together, 0.8× length of abdomen; antennomere II 1.4× as long as broad (24: 17), antennomere III 1.7× as long as antennomere IV (19: 11), slightly shorter than antennomeres IV and V together (95 : 103), subapical antennomeres dilated and slightly broader than pedicel, weakly compressed, the ratio of antennomeres IV-IX = 55 : 48 : 35 : 32 : 30 : 33 (Fig. 17).Mesoscutellum elevated roundish, posterior with fine peak, lateral sides with fine carina, without middle carina, as high as top of mesonotum; mesoscutellar appendage with a high and acute middle carina, metascutellum with a low and short middle carina; dorsal-posterior platform of mesepimeron as broad as diameter of median ocellus; metepimeronal appendage broad and large, approximately 4.5× as long and 3× as broad as diameter of median ocellus; mesopleuron and metapleuron as in Figure 16; distance between cenchri twice as broad as a cenchrus.Inner spur of hind tibia 0.7 times length of metabasitarsus (43 : 60); metabasitarsus slender, approximately 1.1× length of following four tarsomeres together (12 : 11); claw with inner tooth slightly shorter than outer tooth.Ovipositor sheath slightly shorter than metabasitarsus (14 : 15), apical sheath longer than basal sheath (29 : 25), apical margin slightly acute and somewhat rounded in lateral view (Fig. 18).Fore wing with vein cu-a joining cell 1M in basal 1/3, vein 2r joining cell 2Rs in apical 1/5, cell 2Rs slightly shorter than cell 1Rs, vein 2r-m slightly oblique, anal cell with a long spot-like vein; petiole of anal cell in hind wing as long as vein cu-a.Lancet with 21 serrulae (Fig. 19), serrulae oblique and weakly protruding, middle serrulae each with two proximal and 5-8 distal teeth, subbasal teeth slightly large and few, annular spine bands narrow, the 8 th -10 th middle serrulae as in Figure 20.
Male.Unknown.Diagnosis.The species is similar to M. jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005 29) Dorsum of head shiny, frons with somewhat dense and rugose punctures, interspaces between punctures narrow, with fine microsculpture (Fig. 30); labrum and clypeus somewhat shiny, punctures on labrum sparse, punctures on clypeus somewhat dense, punctures largely shallow and flat.Dorsum of mesonotum somewhat shiny, punctures on mesonotum minutely and densely punctured, without smooth interspaces between punctures, with fine microsculpture; punctures on mesoscutellum somewhat large and rugose; mesoscutellar appendage dull, with indistinct punctures and microsculpture faint; mesepisternum somewhat shiny, minutely and densely punctured, interspaces with fine microsculpture; anepimeron dull, wrinkles rugose; anterior 1/5 of katepimeron smooth and shiny, without punctures or microsculpture; posterior 4/5 of katepimeron with distinct punctures and microsculpture; lateral region of metepisternum dull, with fine punctures and microsculpture; metepimeron somewhat shiny, depressed area of metepimeron with sparse and fine punctures, microsculpture faint; metepimeronal appendage somewhat shiny, with fine punctures and indistinct microsculpture, anterior with a smooth and obtuse carina (Fig. 33).All abdominal terga shiny, center of abdominal tergum 1 with fine microsculpture, lateral sides with distinct punctures; other abdominal terga with fine microsculpture and very sparse but distinct punctures.Hind coxa and outer side of hind femur somewhat shiny, with somewhat dense minute punctures, interspaces between punctures with fine microsculpture.Surface of sheath with fine punctures and faint microsculpture.
Male.Unknown.Description.Holotype: female.Body length 9.5 mm.Body and legs black; following parts white: basal half of mandibles, apical half on anterior surface of fore femur, anterior surface largely of fore tibia, subbasal part of dorsal side of hind tibia.Body hairs pale brown; setae on sheath black-brown.Wings largely hyaline, apical 1/3 of fore wing with smoky macula, stigma, and veins blackbrown.(Fig. 37) Dorsum of head somewhat shiny, frons rugose with dense punctures, interspaces with fine microsculpture (Fig. 38); labrum and clypeus somewhat shiny, punctures on labrum sparse, punctures on clypeus more dense, punctures largely shallow and flat, microsculpture fine.Dorsum of mesonotum somewhat shiny, punctures on mesonotum minute and dense, interspaces with fine microsculpture; mesoscutellum rugose with somewhat large punctures; mesoscutellar appendage somewhat shiny, with indistinct punctures and weak microsculpture; metascutellum dull, with distinct microsculpture; mesepisternum somewhat shiny, with minute and shallow punctures, interspaces with fine microsculpture; anepimeron dull, wrinkles rugose; anterior 1/5 of katepimeron smooth and shiny, without punctures or microsculpture; posterior 4/5 of katepimeron with distinct punctures and microsculpture; lateral region of metepisternum somewhat shiny, with fine punctures and microsculpture; metepimeron someahat shiny, depressed area of metepimeron with sparse and fine punctures, microsculpture faint; metepimeronal appendage somewhat shiny, with fine punctures and indistinct microsculpture, anterior with a smooth and obtuse carina (Fig. 41).All abdominal terga shiny, center of abdominal tergum 1 with fine microsculpture, lateral sides with distinct punctures; other abdominal terga with very sparse and distinct punctures, microsculpture fine but distinct.Hind coxa and outer side of hind femur somewhat shiny, with slightly dense and minute punctures, interspaces between punctures with fine microsculpture.Surface of sheath with fine punctures and indistinct microsculpture.

Discussion
The Macrophya maculitibia group is a medium-sized species group in the genus Macrophya Dahlbom, 1835.At present, there are five species including three new species from China in this group: M. jiuzhaina Chen & Wei, 2005, M. longifossa sp.n., M. maculitibia Takeuchi, 1933, M. yunnana sp. n., andM. motuoa sp. n. (Chen et al. 2005;Takeuchi 1933).The species hosts of this group are unknown.The M. maculitibia group was proposed in a book by Li et al. (2018d) but not reviewed due to a limits on the number of words.With the new material now available, three new species are described and reported, as well as a key is presented to all known Chinese species.