Corresponding authors: Igor Malenovský (
Academic editor: Martin Husemann
The Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genus
The family
The larger nominotypic subfamily
The genus
Based on examination of most
The specimens studied in the course of this work are deposited in the following institutions, which are subsequently referred to by their acronyms:
The post-abdomina of the specimens used for dissections were cleared in 10% KOH at room temperature for ca. 6–12 hours, rinsed and examined in distilled H2O and then transferred to 10% glycerol and enclosed in microvials to be preserved with the specimens. Observations were conducted under a stereomicroscope, measurements and photography under Zeiss Discovery V12 or Leica M205 C stereomicroscopes equipped with a Nikon D7000 digital camera in
The morphological terminology and measurements used in this study follow
Adult. General colour of body brownish ochraceous to dark brown marbled, with pale green and reddish ochraceous streaks on dorsum (Figs
(
Habitus of
Forewing of
Head (Figs
Pronotum (Figs
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Figs
Female genitalia. Gonocoxae VIII (Fig.
Fifth instar nymph. See
The identity of one more available species name belonging to
Geographical distribution of the
1 | Forewings with a dull brownish streak along nodal line connecting pterostigmal area and distal sublunate streak (Fig. |
|
– | Forewings without a brownish streak along nodal line (Fig. |
2 |
2 | Male pygofer, in lateral view, with dorso-posterior margin produced into a large and narrow tooth-like lobe (Figs |
3 |
– | Male pygofer, in lateral view, with dorso-posterior margin produced into a short and broad lobe (Figs |
5 |
3 | Vertex ivory white to pale ochraceous, with 3–4 pairs of small dark brown markings (Fig. |
|
– | Vertex largely dark brown from base to apex (Figs |
4 |
4 | Head, in lateral view, distinctly inflated and bulbous apically (Fig. |
|
– | Head, in lateral view, not inflated, narrow apically (Fig. |
|
5 | Vertex light ochraceous, with a pair of small dark brown patches on each side of midline in basal third (Fig. |
|
– | Vertex nearly dark brown from base to apex (Fig. |
Holotype male,
Measurements (1 male). Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): 11.5 mm; head length (from apex of cephalic process to base of eyes): 1.2 mm; head width (including eyes): 1.5 mm; forewing length: 9.6 mm.
Coloration (Fig.
Structure. Head (Fig.
Male genitalia. Pygofer, in lateral view, with dorso-posterior margin forming a large, broad, biangular lobe (Fig.
Female genitalia unknown.
The new species is named after Dr. Charles R. Bartlett, collector of the type specimen and curator of the insect collection at the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, USA, in recognition of his kindest help and support to the first author when he visited
So far only known from southwestern India (Fig.
Measurements (2 males, 8 females). Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): male 11.1 mm, female 12.3–14.7 mm; head length (from apex of cephalic process to base of eyes): male 1.28–1.30 mm, female 1.28–1.40 mm; head width (including eyes): male 1.40–1.45 mm, female 1.48–1.60 mm; forewing length: male 9.0–9.4 mm, female 10.2–12.2 mm.
Coloration. General coloration as in generic description (Fig.
Structure. Head with cephalic process very short, not inflated (Figs
Male genitalia. Pygofer, in lateral view, with dorso-posterior margin produced into a relatively large but narrow, tooth-like, apically obtuse process (Fig.
Female genitalia as in generic description.
India (southwestern part and West Bengal), Sri Lanka (Fig.
Based on our critical review of the published information and examination of
According to
Holotype male,
Paratypes.
Measurements (5 males, 10 females). Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): male 11.7–12.9 mm, female 13.1–14.6 mm; head length (from apex of cephalic process to base of eyes): male 1.4–1.5 mm, female 1.5–1.6 mm; head width (including eyes): male 1.6–1.7 mm, female 1.6–1.7 mm; forewing length: male 9.3–10.3 mm, female 10.6–11.8 mm.
Coloration. General coloration as in generic description (Fig.
Structure. Cephalic process (Fig.
Male genitalia. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig.
Female genitalia as in generic description (Fig.
The new species is named for its occurrence in Hainan Island, China. The specific epithet
So far only known from Hainan Island, China.
Measurements (10 males, 9 females). Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): male 11.7–13.4 mm, female 13.0–14.9 mm; head length (from apex of cephalic process to base of eyes): male 1.33–1.50 mm, female 1.50–1.65 mm; head width (including eyes): male 1.30–1.60 mm, female 1.48–1.75 mm; forewing length: male 9.4–10.8 mm, female 10.2–11.9 mm.
Coloration. General coloration as in generic description (Figs
Structure. Head with cephalic process moderately long, not inflated (Figs
Male genitalia. Pygofer, in lateral view (Fig.
Female genitalia as in generic description.
Widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate eastern Asia (Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam, Laos, northeastern India and Nepal).
Adult
Erroneously according to
The single male specimen examined from Nepal (Chitwan National Park) is identical in external characters to specimens of
Lectotype male (here designated), (1) Los Banos, P.I. Baker; (2) 1311; (3)
Paralectotypes, 4 females, same locality labels as holotype but Inv. nos 4949–4951, 4953;1 female, Mt. Makiling, Luzon, Baker (
Measurements (4 males, 9 females). Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): male 10.6–11.4 mm, female 12.9–13.9 mm; head length (from apex of cephalic process to base of eyes): male 1.25–1.33 mm, female 1.35–1.45 mm; head width (including eyes): male 1.30–1.43 mm, female 1.50–1.60 mm; forewing length: male 8.5–9.1 mm, female 10.3–11.4 mm.
Coloration. General coloration as in generic description (Figs
Structure. Head with cephalic process moderately elongate (Figs
Male genitalia. Pygofer, in lateral view, with dorso-posterior margin produced into a relatively large but narrow, tooth-like, apically obtuse process (Fig.
Female genitalia as in generic description.
So far only known from the Luzon island, Philippines.
Measurements (3 males, 11 females). Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): male 10.3–11.8 mm, female 12.7–13.6 mm; head length (from apex of cephalic process to base of eyes): male 1.28–1.36 mm, female 1.35–1.48 mm; head width (including eyes): male 1.30–1.49 mm, female 1.50–1.59 mm; forewing length: male 8.5–9.1 mm, female 10.4–11.3 mm.
Coloration. General coloration as in generic description (Figs
Structure. Head with cephalic process relatively short (Fig.
Male genitalia. Pygofer, in lateral view, similar to
Female genitalia as in generic description.
Confirmed records are from Indonesia (Java), West Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, southern China (Hainan, Yunnnan) and north-eastern India (Assam). Based on the description and illustrations in
The synonymy of
The six currently recognised species of
Three species,
According to the phylogenetic hypothesis by
We extend our appreciation to the following individuals and institutions for loans of specimens or access to collections: Lois B. O’Brien, Charles R. Bartlett (
The work on which this paper is based was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 31572297, to Z.S.S.) and Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (no. Y4ZK111B01), and partially by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 31561163003 and 31572298, to A.P.L.).