Time-scaled tree obtained from the Bayesian analysis in Beast for 28 species of Trichomycteridae and 4 species as outgroups, using a multigene data set (COX1, CYTB, RAG2, and MYH6 with a total of 3144 bp). Asterisks (*) indicate maximum support values, and dashes (-) indicate support values below 50. Black stars indicate the calibration points, and the coloured bars below the tree represent the geological epochs. Numbers above branches indicate posterior probabilities of the Bayesian Inference, followed by SH-aLRT support (%) and ultrafast bootstrap support (%) of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis; blue numbers below nodes indicate its median age; Red dots after species names indicate the syntopic species discussed in this paper.