Short Communication |
Corresponding author: Volker Lohrmann ( v.lohrmann@uebersee-museum.de ) Academic editor: Michael Ohl
© 2016 Volker Lohrmann, George C. Waldren, Martin Reiß, Michael S. Engel.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Lohrmann V, Waldren GC, Reiß M, Engel MS (2016) An anocellar polistine wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from Texas. Zoosystematics and Evolution 92(2): 251-255. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.10548
|
A remarkable teratological female of Polistes (Fuscopolistes) dorsalis neotropicus Bequaert, 1940 (Vespidae: Polistinae) is described and illustrated. The specimen lacks all three external dorsal ocelli but is normally developed in almost every other aspect. Additionally, similar findings in other Hymenoptera are briefly discussed, as are the consequences and the reasons that might cause the random loss of ocelli.
teratology, aberration, malformation, morphology, Polistes dorsalis , social wasp, paper wasp
In contrast to the multi-lensed compound eyes, the dorsal ocelli of insects are simple lens eyes forming the second visual system. Externally they consist of a single, usually round or oval aperture lens while internally hundreds of photoreceptors converge into a small suite of neurons targeted to neuropils (
As in most other insects, Hymenoptera usually have three slightly oval, convexly rounded dorsal ocelli: one median (anterior) and two lateral (posterior) (
As with many anatomical structures, there are at times developmental aberrations or malformations that impact the ocellar system (e.g.,
In this context it is interesting to note that while recently discussing a malformed quadriocellar scoliid wasp (
Measurements were taken using a Zeiss SteREO Discovery.V20 combined with an ocular micrometer. The photographs were captured with a Nikon D800 digital camera with a Nikon AF-S Micro-NIKKOR 60 mm 1:2,8G ED lens in combination with the software programs Helicon Remote, Adobe Lightroom und Helicon Focus Pro. The illustrations have been cleaned with Adobe Photoshop. The specimen, which is deposited in the entomological collection of the Übersee-Museum Bremen (
♀; USA, TX, Randall Co., Palo Duro Canyon, (34°56’37’’ N, 101°39’39” W), 21.viii.2008, F. Cliff Camp, G.C. Waldren (
Total body length: 14.0 mm; head width: 3.2 mm; forewing length: 11.5 mm; hind wing length: 8.7 mm; mesoscutal width: 2.4 mm.
The female specimen, which seems to be normal in almost every other respect, shows a remarkably deformed head (Figs
Polistes (Fuscopolistes) dorsalis neotropicus Bequaert, 1940. 1–4. Anocellar female from Texas. 1. Habitus in dorsal view. 2. Habitus in lateral view. 3. Head in anterior view. 4. Ocellar area in dorsal view. 5. Normal female from South Carolina; head in anterior view. Abbreviations: LID = Lower interorbital distance; UID = Upper interorbital distance. Photos: 1–4. Matthias Haase. 5. Used with permission from
Polistes dorsalis (Fabricius, 1775) is currently classified into five subspecies and occurs throughout the southern half of the US to Costa Rica (
There are a number of similar findings of malformed Hymenoptera reported in the literature, among bees in particular. The most similar aberration has been reported by
Whether ‘internal’ ocelli retain some minimal light-detecting function remains unclear. Indeed, the overall impact of such developmental malformations are challenging to predict given that the function of ocelli seem to differ between walking and flying insects (
Brachyptery or aptery is often associated with the reduction or loss of ocelli (e.g.,
We sincerely thank Matthias Haase (Bremen) for taking the photographs and Matthias Buck for confirming the identification of the species. The authors of